Number of tax filers/payers and income from various types of income by income ranges

Number of tax filers/payers and total income by income ranges

Various data tables on student demographics, school enrollment trends, characteristics of traditional public school students and charter school students, student achievement, budget and school resources, principal and teacher information, building and school utilization and the availability of specialized facilities.

Annual tax revenue from major tax sources, from FY 1980 - FY 2020.

Annual spending by and behalf of the Department of Education since 1990, adjusted for inflation

Amount of debt outstanding as of June 30 of each year.

SOURCES: IBO; New York City Comprehensive Annual Financial Report of the Comptroller (various years); Annual Report of the Comptroller on Capital Debt and Obligations (various years); New York City Municipal Water Finance Authority Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports (various years)
NOTES: 1In determining what to include as outstanding debt of the City of New York, IBO considered: (1) the city's obligation (contractual and moral) to repay the debt, (2) whether the revenues pledged toward the repayment of the debt would have otherwise accrued to the city, and (3) whether the proceeds of the debt issuance accrue directly to the city.
2GO debt is net of bonds held for debt service on other city-related obligations, referred to in the Comptroller's Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) as Treasury Obligations. The 2000–2002 CAFRs show outstanding general obligation debt, before Treasury Obligations, in 2000 and 2001 as $26,892 million and $26,836 million, respectively. However, CAFRs from 2003 on show higher GO debt for the two years, $353 million more for 2000 and $311 million more for 2001; the 2003 CAFR does not provide a note explaining the revisions. IBO uses the numbers reported from 2003 forward.
3Fiscal years 2000, 2002, and 2003 include short-term bond anticipation notes outstanding at year-end of $515 million, $2.2 billion, and $1.1 billion, respectively.
4For fiscal year 2000, Capital Lease Obligations to HHC and PCDC are reported jointly.
5In FY 2008, JSDC bonds outstanding were redeemed with GO bond proceeds, resulting in the elimination of JSDC debt, a reduction in conduit debt outstanding and partially accounting for the increase in GO debt from 2007 to 2008

General Obligation:
General obligation bonds are backed by the full faith and credit of the city. City property tax collections are pledged first to pay the principal and interest on these bonds.


Treasury Obligations:
Treasury obligations are New York City bonds held as investments by the city or by the related entities covered here, including MAC and SFC. They are netted out in order to avoid double counting of the city's obligations.

Transitional Finance Authority:
Created in 1997, the Transitional Finance Authority (TFA) is a separate legal entity from the City of New York. TFA General Purpose Bonds are secured by the city's collections of personal income tax and, if necessary, sales tax. Recovery Bonds, issued in response to the events of September 11, 2001 differ from general purpose bonds in that they are excluded from the calculation of outstanding TFA debt allowed under the debt limit.

TFA Building Aid Revenue Bonds:
In fiscal year 2006, the city was authorized by the state Legislature to assign to the TFA all or any portion of the state building aid payable to the city or its school district. The TFA in turn is authorized to issue bonds secured by the aid and dedicated to financing a portion of the city's educational facilities capital plan.

TSASC:
TSASC Inc. (formerly known as the Tobacco Settlement Asset Securitization Corporation) is a separate legal entity from the City of New York. TSASC bonds are secured by the corporation's purchase from the city of the future revenue stream under a settlement agreement resolving cigarette smoking-related litigation between the settling states and participating manufacturers.

Municipal Assistance Corporation for the City of New York:
The Municipal Assistance Corporation (MAC) was a separate legal entity from the City of New York, created in 1975 and formally dissolved in 2008. With New York City experiencing a severe fiscal crisis in 1975, MAC allowed the city continued access to credit markets and assisted in the prevention of a default of city general obligation bonds. MAC bonds were secured by state collections of

Annual capital expenditures, by capital budget area and agency, from FY 1985 - 2020. Source: Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports of the Comptroller

Taxes are grouped into six major categories: property, general sales, personal income, business income, real estate-related, and other. We also separate non-exported and exported taxes, that is, taxes levied on New York City resident households and businesses and taxes levied on nonresidents. Taxes in the former category enter into the calculation of New York City tax effort. The latter category includes sales and other taxes on hotel occupancy, city income taxes paid by commuters into the city, and portions of state and MTA auto rental taxes remitted in the city. We could not, however, estimate and net out non-hotel sales and other taxes paid by visitors to the city. Nor could we account, as we did in our previous report, for any New York City tax imports, that is, taxes of other, non-overlapping jurisdictions paid by city residents.1
For brief descriptions of the tables and figures along with methodological notes please see the Tax Effort Background and Methodology document.

Annual revenue and spending data by major areas of the budget from FY 1980 through FY 2020

Actual full-time positions as of June 30 of each year by agency, from FY 1980 through FY 2020

Annual state and federal categorical aid by purpose of grant, from FY 1980 through FY 2020

Daily summary of citywide and agency COVID-19 related encumbrances. This data was collected from March 10, 2020 through June 29, 2021 and is no longer being updated.

Annual spending for personal services and other than personal services(OTPS) within each city agency from FY 1980 through FY 2018. Source: Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports of the Comptroller

New York City Annual Debt Service Expense from FY2000 – FY2020
Dollars in millions

SOURCES: IBO; Mayor's Office of Management and Budget (OMB); New York City Comprehensive Annual Financial Report of the Comptroller (various years); Annual Report of the Comptroller on Capital Debt and Obligations (various years); New York City Municipal Water Finance Authority Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (various years).

NOTES:
(1) Debt service is the cost to New York City of repaying its outstanding debt, including both principal and interest. The figures in the table have been adjusted to reflect debt service that was originally scheduled for payment in each year since 2000.

(2) New York City is required to have a balanced annual budget. In years when it runs a surplus, the primary means the city uses to comply with this requirement is to use up some or all of the surplus by prepaying some of the subsequent years' debt service expenses. As a result, the cash outlay for debt service in a given year is not an accurate representation of the true cost of debt service in that year.

(3) The defeasance of $536 million of GO bonds in 2007 reduced debt service in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Debt service in the table is presented as if the defeasance had not occurred.

(4) The defeasance of $1.986 billion of GO bonds in 2008 reduced debt service in 2010. Debt service in the table is presented as if the defeasance had not occurred.

(5) The defeasance of $718 million of TFA bonds in 2007 reduced debt service in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Debt service in the table is presented as if the defeasance had not occurred.

(6) The defeasance of $196 million of TFA bonds in 2013 reduced debt service in 2014, 2015, and 2016. Debt service in the table is presented as if the defeasance had not occurred.

(7) The defeasance of $637 million of TFA bonds in 2015 with savings from Sales Tax Asset Receivable Corporation (STAR) reduced debt service in 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018. Debt service in the table is presented as if the defeasance had not occurred.

(8) The defeasance of $65 million of Jay Street Development Corporation (JSDC) bonds in 2007 reduced debt service in 2009 and 2010. Debt service in the table is presented as if the defeasance had not occurred.

(9) TFA BARBs and TSASC are not included in OMB's or the Comptroller's definitions of New York City outstanding debt. For an explanation of these items, and their inclusion in NYC IBO's definition of New York City outstanding debt, please see New Outstanding Debt.

(10) In 2006, TSASC restructured its outstanding indebtedness. This included a one time expense of $161 million for redeeming all bonds issued under a secured loan agreement with the United States Department of Transportation, via the department's Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (TIFIA) program. Additionally, all prior year TSASC bond series were defeased, leaving only series 2006-1 bonds outstanding.

Annual non-tax revenue from major revenue sources, from FY 1980 through FY 2020

Number of tax filers/payers and total city tax liability by income ranges

This dataset contains budget and spending data for City Initiatives that use American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA) or Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2021 (CRRSAA) federal funds. Each row is a different "Initiative Detailed", which is IBO's understanding of the purpose of the funding. IBO developed seven categories of initiative to standardize the comparison of budgeted and spent amounts across agencies: "Initiative Category". The IBO definitions of these categories are below, in order of prioritization (e.g. if a budget code fits the definition of 2. COVID Response – Public Programs and 4. Programmatic Support, it is listed under 2). If readers require more detailed information on spending, the underlying data with the previous initiative names is available for download.

1. Covid Response – City Operations: Spending to keep city agencies operating during the Covid pandemic, such as city employee leave for quarantining and vaccinations, air purifiers, personal protective equipment (PPE) for city employees, etc.
2. Covid Response – Public Programs: Programs created to protect people in New York City from Covid-19.
3. Direct Human Services: Public services provided to meet the financial, physical, or mental needs of New York City residents. This includes ongoing services for housing, food, addiction treatment, childcare, education, anti-poverty, etc. These services are either provided by the government or a nonprofit.
4. Programmatic Support: Funds used on temporary governmental programs. Note: this includes youth training and summer work programs because they are optional and extra-curricular, while public education and adult job training programs are direct human services.
5. Government Operations: Federal funding supplemented lost revenue during the pandemic-related recession. These funds are for Other than Personal Spending, those administrative costs or public services provided in perpetuity (as opposed to services defined as Programmatic Support).
6. Personnel/Staffing: Federal funding supplemented lost revenue during the pandemic-related recession. These funds are for salaries and wages paid to city employees, often called “Personal Services.” Salaries and wages related to Covid response, temporary programs, and direct human services are excluded from this category.
7. Hiring & Attrition Management: Administrative costs related to managing the inflow and outflow of city employees.

Number of tax filers/payers using various tax credits and amount of credit, by income ranges

Aggregation of all city-funded encumbrances coded by agencies as being related to the COVID-19 pandemic, allocated to IBO-defined expense types. This data was collected from March 10, 2020 through June 29, 2021 and is no longer being updated.

Aggregation of all city-funded encumbrances coded by agencies as being related to the COVID-19 pandemic, allocated to FMS defined expense types.
This data was collected from March 10, 2020 through June 29, 2021 and is no longer being updated.